Safe and effective treatment and disposal of spent fuel and its nuclear waste is very important for the sustainable development of nuclear power. Thermal neutron absorption materials are composite materials made of elements or compounds with large thermal neutron absorption cross sections and matrix materials. Among many materials, boron carbide has attracted more and more attention in nuclear reactors and nuclear shielding materials because of its low manufacturing cost, no radioactive isotope generation during decay, low secondary radiation capacity, good thermal neutron absorption capacity, high temperature resistance and radiation resistance.